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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. 48.8818810183. BRICK KILN. l

810,489,808. Patented Jam.V 10, 1898.

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J. B. GRISWOLD` 3 sheetssheet 3.

BRICK KILN.

` (No Model.)

No. 489,305. Patented Jan. 1o,l 1893.

TORNEYS JOHN B. GRISWOLD, OFI ZANESVILLE, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOCLARENCE V. GRAHAM.

BRICK-KUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 489,805, dated January10, 1893.

Application iiled January 28, 1892. Serial No. 419,611. (No model.)

To all whom t may cora/cern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN B. GRIswoLD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in BrickKilns, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates-more particularly to improvements on my patentkiln No. 466,676, and it has for its object to simplify the constructionof such kiln to render the operation the more effective and in a muchless time.

In the patent referred to I have shown a kiln operated on a down draft,the heat flues being so arranged that the floor of the kiln will bethoroughly heated, so as to burn the lower ware by radiated heat. In thepresent case I arrange the lues in such a manner that the kiln isoperated on a combined up and down draft the intense or direct heat,being driven against the lower sides and under the iioor of the kiln tothoroughly heat them, to produce radiated heat, and then up into thecenter of the kiln `through flue openings in the bottom arrangedcentrally thereof; to provide for a complete and even distribution ofthe intense heat to such portieri of the ware most in needof it a shortlongitudinal vertical heat channel is formed by some of the ware so asto cause such heat to pass laterally among such Ware, toward the sidesof the kiln, (owing to the induction caused by the radiated heat at thesides and bottom) and then down out through the discharge fines; shortvertical hues similar to the central fines being also provided bysetting the ware solid at the ends of the kiln so as to cause the directheat to be deliected upwardly among the end ware, the upper ware beinguniformly burned by the iire and heat caused to pass up over thevertical side iiues into the kiln chamber, which is drawn down andcommingles with the intense bottom heat which is drawn off through thedraft fines in the bottom of the kiln.

A further object of this invention is to provide simple means wherebythe heat can be deflected so as to cause a greater or less heat totravel up the side flues into the kiln or under the floor, or move toone portion thereof as may be desired.

To these ends my invention consists in the peculiar combination andnovel arrangement of parts all of which will hereinafter-be fullydescribed in the annexed specification and then pointed out in theclaims reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure l, is a vertical cross section of my improved kiln taken on theline 1 1 Fig. 2. Fig. 2, is a top plan view, parts of the kiln beingshown in horizontal section, on the lines 1 1 2 2 3 3 Fig. l, suchportions being numbered l- 2 3 respectively on Fig. 2. Fig. 3, is a sideView, parts being in section such parts being numbered 4 5, the sectionsbeing taken on the lines 4 4: 5 5 in Fig. 2.

In the main my improved kiln is constructed similar to the kiln shown inmy patent referred to, except that it has its heating iiues arranged insections, each section being supplied by two furnaces whereby all thesections may be in use at one time or any one of them may be usedseparately as the condition of the kiln may require.

Referring to the accompanying drawings A, indicates the kiln, which ispreferably rectangular in shape as shown, it being underderstood that itmay however, for burning certain kinds of ware, be formed round.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. l and 2, B indicates the groundfoundation O the main side and end walls, D the crown, F the openings inthe crown, E the furnaces, G the doors in the ends of the kiln and G thePeep holes.

As before stated the heat iues are arranged in sections, connected cachwith a furnace, and as shown in Fig. 2 each section has a series oftransverse fines H which extend entirely across the kiln under the floora and such iiues connect with the vertical flues into which the furnacesdischarge. These vertical flues are each of a width equal to thedistance between the division walls O, and as will be noticed byreference to Fig. 1, are each divided by a horizontal wall J, the upperface of which is in a horizontal plane with the base of the furnaceoutlet K, whereby such iues are divided into upper and lower sections I,I respectively the lower section communicating with the upper by meansof the divided opening L, L, as shown.

IOI

The bottom of the kiln iioor is formed with Y a series of transverseslotted sections M which sections have a central solid portion M asshown, and such sections communicate with a series of transverse draftlines, P, which are alternately arranged between the hot air fluesections H such fines P opening at their central portions into a mainflue V, which connects with the stack and is arranged in a mannerprecisely similar to that shown in my other patent referred to. Each ofthe tlucs H, has an opening h in its top which opens up through thecentral solid portion of the kiln floor which openings open into avertical flue U arranged longitudinally across the kiln floor. The iueUextends up but a short distancc and in practice it is formed by layingthat part of the ware indicated by S in solid longitudinal rows to eachside of the openings h, the upper end or discharge being graduallyreduced by stepping the brick as shown.

I desire it distinctly understood that it is Very material that the flueU should not extend too far up into the ware, and its discharge endshould be gradually closed as stated, as it is necessary that theintense heat which passes up into the said flue U, should be caused tothoroughly disseminate among the adjacent ware.

In all down draft kilns where the heat first strikes the ware at the topand passes down into the vware the water smoke is first generated at thetop of kiln and seeks to escape at the bottom, where the greater part ofit condenses thereby producing a sluggish movement of the Water smoke,clogging the bottom of the kiln and discoloring the ware by the sulphurdeposited on the wet bottom ware which afterward burns into them.

By arranging the heat tlues under the kiln and to the sides thereof asstated, and drawing the intense heat up into the center of the kiln anddisseminating it among the lower or wet brick it will be impossible forthe water smoke to condense, as the lower or bottom ware is heated firstthe water smoke or steam as soon as it is created is immediately drawn ointo the stack flue. Furthermore by arranging the short vertical flue Qas stated, the heat which passes out from it strikes into that portionof the ware, which needs it the most, and is drawn over toward the sidesand in a downward direction by the induction caused by the radiatedheat, at the sides and the suction draft. Such of the products ofcombustion which pass up into the vertical flues I pass up over the wareand is drawn down through the same where it commingles with the up draftheat from the central flue U, and then passes out with it through theopenings R into the flues P and then into the main flue V as clearlyindicated by the arrows in Fig. l. Y

It should be stated that without providing a short vertical flue U inthe center of the kiln as shown the results desired (i. e., burning thecenter of the ware) could not be satisfactorily obtained, as theproducts of combustion would as they pass up through the openings 7?,seek to escape out through the adjacent discharge openings R, asindicated by the dotted arrow in Fig. l.

To provide for effectually and uniformly burning the end ware the endflues IIX have a series of openings hX in their tops which extendentirely across the kiln iioor and open into the kiln (see Fig. 2) andto the inner edges of which are formed short transverse solid walls T(see 4 Fig. which are of a height similar to the longitudinal walls S,and serve to make end channels UX, which are also gradually closed atthe top by stepping the ware as shown. It will thus be seen that theware in the ends of the kiln can be thoroughly burned without thenecessity of the end flue channels extending entirely up to the top ofthe kiln.

It will be noticed by referring to Fig. 3, at that portion marked 5,that the several flues H in each section of iiues, are graduated, thecenter one being the shallowest, the end ones the deepest and theintermediates ones, of intermediate depth such arrangement providing fora more equal distribution of the heat. Thus the end lines of eachsection which are the farthest away from the furnace outlets have thelargest heat area, while those nearest such outlets have a less area.

W, W indicate the iire blocks which are adapted to be moved over theopenings L L in the horizontal walls J, whereby they can be read-ily adjusted to wholly or partially close such openings, to partially or almostentirely cut off the heat from either side of the section of lines I andI-I.

Vhile I prefer to form the longitudinal iue U and the end flues U byarranging the ware as stated, it is manifest that the side walls made bysuch ware may be rigidly built within the kiln and be a permanent partthereof.

Kilns of this character usually have a fire brick lining on the innerfaces of their side walls, which lining extends out to and abuts the endwalls. Such construction has however its disadvantages as the liningafter it becomes very hot expands and presses against the end walls andbulges them out (see dotted lines Fig. 2) and render the repairing ofsuch walls frequently necessary.

In the construction shown the brick lining T does not extend to the endwalls (see Fig. 2). nor does the flue walls IX abut them, they stoppingshort of such walls, whereby open ways t are provided, which ways servethe double purpose of admitting of a free circulation of hot air at thecorners of the kiln and also allowing for expansion of the lining IOOIIO

without the danger of the end walls being disturbed.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with drawings thecomplete operation and advantages of my invention will be readilyunderstood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent 1s:

1. A brick kiln comprising a main chamber having vertical fines at itssides, extended up to the top of the kiln chamber to discharge onto thetop of the Ware, transverse heat iiues, under the floor, havingopenings, communicat-ing with the kiln, said floor having a channel wayarranged to receive the heat products from said transverse flue openingswhereby to disseminate the intense up draft heat into lower portion ofthe ware, and exit slots in the said floorarranged intermediate thesides of the kiln and the central channel way, communicating with thestack flue, all arranged substantially as shown whereby the disseminatedup draft heat, will be drawn off through such exits with the down draft,as and for the purpose described.

2. In a brick kiln constructed to have a down draft, the distributingflues arranged transversely under the licor and opening through such oorto discharge into the kiln, of a wall arranged at each side of such fineopenings whereby to form a continuous heat channel such wall beingstepped to gradually close the said channel way substantially as and forthe purposes described.

8. In a brick kiln having a slotted floor and constructed to have a downdraft, of the transverse heat fines arranged at the end walls of thekiln extended under the door, such floor having a transverse series offlue openings communicating with the said heat fines and shallow channelways formed on the kiln floor at the ends thereof arranged to receivethe combustion products as they pass up through such flue openings anddefiect them toward the center of the kiln substantially as and for thepurpose described.

4. The combination with the main chamber having a series of slottedfloor sections and a series of openings h arranged longitudinally of andintermediate the slotted sections and a series of openings hx at theends of the kiln the flue sections I I arranged as shown, the furnacesconnected with such sections the transverse distributing tlues HX,communicating with the openings hX, and shallow channel ways U Uprojected up into the kiln and arranged to receive the heat from theopenings h and hx respectively, as and for the purpose described.

5. A brick kiln having a iire brick lining on its inner side faces, theends of which stop short of the end walls, whereby an open Way isprovided between the ends of such lining and the end walls substantiallyas and for purpose described.

JOHN B. GRISWOLD.

Witnesses:

SoLoN C. KEMON, FRED G. DIETERICH.

